通過sqlplus可以連接數(shù)據(jù)庫根據(jù)用戶權(quán)限進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)或者設(shè)定操作，這篇文章介紹一下常用的連接方式。

環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

使用Oracle的精簡版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境。

方式1(本機(jī)): / as sysdba

在oracle服務(wù)器，可以直接通過操作系統(tǒng)權(quán)限認(rèn)證，使用sysdba方式登陸，前提是你可以登入服務(wù)器，并且擁有此權(quán)限。

1. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ id
2. uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(dba) groups=1000(dba)
3. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus / as sysdba
4. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 08:20:51 2018
5. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
6. Connected to:
7. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
8. SQL> show user
9. USER is "SYS"
10. SQL>

方式2(本機(jī)): sqlplus 用戶名/密碼

在本機(jī)除了sysdba，還可以通過用戶名和密碼的方式登陸進(jìn)來

1. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123
2. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 08:21:27 2018
3. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4. Connected to:
5. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
6. SQL> show user
7. USER is "SYSTEM"
8. SQL>

方式3: 通過tnsname方式

通過tns設(shè)定，保證聯(lián)通性的情況下使用 sqlplus 用戶名/密碼@Oracle實(shí)例名 的方式進(jìn)行連接。

確認(rèn)tns連接通暢

1. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ tnsping XE
2. TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 21-OCT-2018 10:32:55
3. Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4. Used parameter files:
5. Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
6. Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = e871d42341c0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE)))
7. OK (0 msec)
8. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

確認(rèn)oracle的監(jiān)聽進(jìn)程正常啟動(dòng)

1. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ ps -ef |grep lsnr |grep -v grep
2. oracle   27   1 0 Oct16 ?    00:00:28 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
3. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

連接

1. oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE
2. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 10:34:04 2018
3. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4. Connected to:
5. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
6. SQL> show user
7. USER is "SYSTEM"
8. SQL>

方式4: IP和port的方式定位

還可通過IP和port的方式定位Oracle實(shí)例進(jìn)行連接：sqlplus 用戶名/密碼@//IP地址或者h(yuǎn)ostname:端口號(hào)/Oracle實(shí)例名

1. # netstat -tunlp |grep 1521
2. tcp6    0   0 :::1521         :::*          LISTEN   -       
3. # ip ad |grep 172.17
4.   inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0
5. # sqlplus system/abcd1234@//172.17.0.2:1521/XE
6. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 10:37:31 2018
7. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
8. Connected to:
9. Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
10. SQL>

方法5: 使用nolog 和 connect實(shí)現(xiàn)連接

準(zhǔn)確的來說，這種方式和方式2/方式3/方式4沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，無非就是用戶名/密碼以及實(shí)例名的信息的寫法不同而已，詳細(xì)如下：

1. # sqlplus /nolog
2. SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 11:19:50 2018
3. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
4. SQL> connect system/liumiao123
5. Connected.
6. SQL> connect system/liumiao123@XE
7. Connected.
8. SQL> connect system/liumiao123@//172.17.0.2:1521/XE
9. Connected.
10. SQL> show user
11. USER is "SYSTEM"
12. SQL>

總結(jié)

以上就是oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫通過sqlplus連接的幾種方式的全部內(nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，